ABSTRACT
Many bacterial pathogens can produce hemolysins to lyse erythrocytes,but recent studies revealed that bacterial hemolysins could cause injury and death of many nucleated cells and platelets.According to the difference of molecular structure,cell-binding manner and membrane pore-forming mechanism,most of bacterial hemolysins are classified into the toxins belonging to either repeats in toxin family (RTX) or cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family (CDC).Bacterial hemolysins play important pathogenic roles during infection of bacteria through membrane damage,cell lysis or disruption,ion disequilibriumassociated pathological changes,cell apoptosis or cell necroptosis as well as through TLR2/4-mediated NF-κB,p38MAPK,JNK signaling pathways and NLRs-mediated NLRP3 inflammasomes to cause powerful inflammatory reaction and inflammatory tissue injury.